FemResThe Living Review

Media index

Media Representation CritiqueArticles

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Articles · Apr 2026

Tipping Point: Online Violence Against Women in the Age of AI

Julie Posetti, Kaylee Williams, Lea Hellmueller, Pauline Renaud, Nabeelah Shabbir & Nermine Aboulez

A UN Women-commissioned 2026 study examines online violence against women human-rights defenders, activists and journalists, including AI-enabled abuse, offline harm and self-censorship.

02

Articles · Aug 2024

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence Against Women Journalists in Southern Africa

Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA)

MISA’s UNESCO-supported regional study records media workers’ experiences and observations of technology-facilitated gender-based violence, with a clear account of its sample limits.

03

Articles · Jun 2023

Mean Girls, Shrews & Sluts: The Women Pop Culture Wants You to Hate

Millen Brown-Ewens

An interview with Anna Bogutskaya prompts a closer distinction between identification, approval, and the marketing of female rebellion as an empowering personality.

04

Articles · May 2023

Online Opposition to Gender Equality

UN Women Asia and the Pacific

Research from Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines maps how anti-feminist narratives circulate online, showing that digital misogyny is organized through culture, platform incentives, and political identity rather than isolated bad behavior.

05

Articles · Apr 2021

The Chilling: Online Violence Against Women Journalists and Press Freedom

Julie Posetti, Nabeelah Shabbir, Diana Maynard, Kalina Bontcheva & Nermine Aboulez

UNESCO and ICFJ combine survey, interview and social-media evidence to show how online violence silences women journalists and threatens the public’s right to know.

06

Articles · Feb 2020

Fighting the Tyranny of 'Niceness': Why We Need Difficult Women

Helen Lewis

This article critiques the expectations of 'perfection' and 'likability' in contemporary feminism, calling for recognition of the complexity and contradictions within feminism, and embracing those 'difficult women' who are nonconformist, hard to categorize, but drive change.

07

Articles · May 2019

Playing the Bitch: Why We’re Showing a Season of Fierce Females

Anna Bogutskaya

Anna Bogutskaya’s BFI programming note becomes a starting point for examining female agency, curatorial framing, and the difference between a good woman and a compelling character.

08

Articles · Dec 2018

Troll Patrol: Crowdsourced Evidence of Online Abuse Against Women

Amnesty International & Element AI

Amnesty’s Troll Patrol turned crowdsourced Twitter labels into evidence of racialized abuse against women in public life - and offers a case study in the limits of samples, categories and automated inference.