Who does the invisible work?
Cooking, cleaning, care and emotional labor — this issue returns domestic and reproductive work to the political stage, and asks why it was ever treated as free and natural.

In this issue
30 items
Books9

Books · Aug 2015
Servants of Globalization
Rhacel Salazar ParreñasCentered on migrant Filipino domestic workers, Parreñas develops the international division of reproductive labor and offers a foundational account of global care chains, transnational families, and migrant women's labor.
02
Books · Jul 2016
Disposable Domestics
Grace ChangGrace Chang traces how immigration policy, welfare reform, and global capital create a low-paid, stigmatized, yet socially essential workforce of immigrant women.
03
Books · Jan 2007
Maid to Order in Hong Kong
Nicole ConstableNicole Constable centers Filipina migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong, showing how recruitment, employment, live-in rules, resistance, and negotiation shape care labor in an Asian global city.
04
Books · Jan 2004
Global Woman
Barbara Ehrenreich, Arlie Russell Hochschild (eds.)This anthology reframes globalization through women's migration, domestic work, sex work, and care deficits, showing how household convenience in wealthy countries depends on emotional and bodily labor from the Global South.
05
Books · Aug 2021
The Smart Wife
Yolande Strengers and Jenny KennedyYolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy trace how voice assistants, domestic robots, and intimate technologies encode wifework into the future home, then propose a feminist reboot.
06
Books · May 2022
Essential Labor: Mothering as Social Change
Angela GarbesFirst-generation Filipino American author Angela Garbes combines memoir with cultural analysis to critically examine mothering expectations and assumptions, revealing how American society depends on yet often overlooks the essential contributions of mothers and family caregivers.
07
Books · Oct 2018
Care Work: Dreaming Disability Justice
Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-SamarasinhaLeah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha frames disability justice as practical knowledge from sick and disabled queer, trans, Black, and brown communities, centering collective access, care webs, and liberation where no one is left behind.
08
Books · Mar 2012
The Managed Heart
Arlie Russell HochschildThis groundbreaking book introduces the concept of ‘emotional labor’ through an examination of how service workers, particularly flight attendants, are required to manage their emotions as part of their job. Hochschild explores how capitalism commercializes human feelings and the gendered implications of emotional work in the modern economy.
09
Books · Feb 2000
Doing the Dirty Work? The Global Politics of Domestic Labour
Bridget AndersonBridget Anderson analyzes how migrant domestic labor is organized by employers, states, and border regimes, exposing the race, class, gender, and citizenship politics behind household work.
Films7

Films · Jan 2018
The Chambermaid
La camaristaLila AvilésLila Avilés's debut centers a hotel room attendant in Mexico City, using minimalist drama to show hidden cleaning labor, fantasies of mobility, and women's isolation.
02
Films · Jan 2015
The Second Mother
Que Horas Ela Volta?Anna MuylaertThis Brazilian drama uses the conflict between a live-in housekeeper, her daughter, and an employer's family to expose domestic labor, separated motherhood, class boundaries, and women's dignity.
03
Films · Jan 1975
Jeanne Dielman, 23, quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles
Chantal AkermanThere's no rioting, protesting, or marching for civil rights here. Jeanne Dielman, single mother and sometime sex worker, has a simple life: laundry, dinner, the occasional john. The mundanity of being a housewife is on achingly tedious display for three-plus hours in Chantal Akerman's experimental film. And that's why it's brilliant.
04
Films · Sep 2019
Lingua Franca
Isabel SandovalWritten, directed, edited by, and starring Isabel Sandoval, this film brings trans identity, immigration status, care work, and intimacy into one fragile story of a Filipina caregiver in New York.
05
Films · Aug 2018
Roma
Alfonso CuarónWriter and director Alfonso Cuarón has described Roma as a love letter to all the women who raised him. It's a beautiful rumination on all the 'hoods' women go through: girlhood, womanhood, motherhood. A domestic drama about a maid and the middle-class family she cares for in Mexico City, the story is told in crisp black-and-white, but it doesn't take long to see that a woman's work never ventures far out of the gray area.
06
Films · May 2014
The Babadook
Jennifer KentA widowed single mother Amelia and her young son confront the mysterious terror creature Babadook in their home. This Australian psychological horror film breaks traditional gender stereotypes in horror cinema, exploring profound themes of loss, grief, maternal stress, and women's inner darkness from a mother's perspective.
07
Films · Mar 2011
I Will Follow
Ava DuVernayIf you can't get something done, do it yourself. Ava DuVernay took this adage to heart and wrote, directed, produced, and financed this family drama about a woman grieving the death of a loved one. It made just a blip on the box office radar, but her debut feature offers a peek at the woman behind the camera.
Videos4

Videos · Nov 2018
The work that makes all other work possible
Ai-jen PooIn this TEDWomen talk, Ai-jen Poo frames domestic workers, nannies, caregivers, and cleaners as invisible infrastructure and argues for rights, wages, and dignity.
02
Videos · Oct 2023
Caregiving is real work - let’s treat it that way
Sharmi SurianarainStarting from billions of daily unpaid-care hours, Sharmi Surianarain argues that employers must design work around care rather than leaving employees to absorb it privately.
03
Videos · May 2016
Ali Wong: Baby Cobra
Ali WongAli Wong's groundbreaking comedy special Baby Cobra features her performing at seven months pregnant, using sharp humor to challenge Asian American female stereotypes and explore gender discrimination, motherhood penalty, and workplace inequality.
04
Videos · Jan 2020
The Unpaid Work GDP Ignores - and Why It Matters
Marilyn WaringEconomist Marilyn Waring asks why national accounts exclude most unpaid household services from their core production boundary, and why that statistical rule must be distinguished from a judgment about their social value.
Podcasts3

Podcasts · Sep 2024
How to care for the people who take care of us
How to Be a Better Human / Ai-jen PooThis TED audio episode discusses why domestic workers, child care workers, caregivers, and household employment relationships should be treated as infrastructure and policy questions, not merely private arrangements.
02
Podcasts · Aug 2025
Feminist Survival Project
Emily Nagoski, Amelia NagoskiFeminist Survival Project is a podcast hosted by twin sisters Emily and Amelia Nagoski, specifically designed for those who feel exhausted in feminist practice while still constantly doubting themselves. The two hosts are also authors of the bestselling book 'Burnout: The Secret to Unlocking the Stress Cycle.' The show focuses on stress cycles, nervous system regulation, trauma recovery, and emotional labor, combining psychological research with personal experiences to help listeners find ways to survive in patriarchal society. Its style is warm, frank, and insightful.
03
Podcasts · Sep 2025
The Gender at Work Podcast
Aruna Rao & Joanne SandlerThe Gender at Work Podcast is hosted by Aruna Rao and Joanne Sandler, featuring conversations with global feminist activists, scholars, and community practitioners. The show takes a critical perspective exploring issues of love, policy, war, and cross-cultural alliances, emphasizing the intersection of decolonization, anti-militarization, and emotional politics.
Articles1
Papers6
Papers · Sep 2009
Love and Gold
Arlie Russell HochschildHochschild explains global care chains through the story of a Filipina migrant nanny: wealthy countries receive care while sending communities absorb care drain and emotional displacement.
02Papers · Aug 2000
Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers and the International Division of Reproductive Labor
Rhacel Salazar ParreñasParreñas's classic article makes global care chains concrete through migrant Filipina domestic workers, showing how care crises in middle-class households are displaced onto women from the Global South while creating new care gaps in sending communities.
03Papers · Jun 2014
Gender, Class and Race: Intersectionality and the Mutual Constitution of Social Relations
Gênero, classe e raça: Interseccionalidade e consubstancialidade das relações sociaisHelena HirataHirata connects debates on intersectionality with care work in Brazil, France and Japan, asking how gender, class and race organize unequal labor.
04Papers · Jan 1975
Wages Against Housework
Silvia FedericiThis classic Marxist feminist text reveals the truth of housework as central to capitalist relations of production. Federici argues that by naturalizing housework as women's 'labor of love,' capitalism obtains massive amounts of unpaid labor. Demanding wages for housework is not about institutionalizing this labor but about politicizing it, exposing capitalism's exploitation of women's labor.
05Papers · Jan 2019
Gender, migration and care deficits: what role for the sustainable development goals?
Sarah Gammage, Natacha StevanovicThis article connects women's migration, care deficits, and the Sustainable Development Goals, asking how global policy frameworks can respond to care responsibilities displaced across borders.
06Papers · Oct 2015
Housework and Parenting Time in France: What Changed over 25 Years?
Le temps domestique et parental des hommes et des femmes : quels facteurs d’évolutions en 25 ans ?Clara Champagne, Ariane Pailhé, Anne SolazFrench time-use surveys show why a shrinking housework gap does not necessarily mean shared responsibility, and why parenting follows a different pattern.