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Female Friendship

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Theoretical / Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society

Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence

Abstract This paper challenges the assumption that heterosexuality is the 'natural' sexual orientation for women, arguing that heterosexuality is a political institution imposed upon women. Rich introduces the concept of the 'lesbian continuum,' which encompasses all forms of women's intimate relationships and solidarity, not limited to sexual relationships. The article analyzes how compulsory heterosexuality functions as a core mechanism of patriarchy, enforced through various means including economic dependence, threats of violence, and ideological control.

Adrienne Rich / Read paper