Papers

Toward a Queer Ecofeminism

Abstract In this groundbreaking paper, Gaard first systematically explores the intersection of ecofeminism and queer theory, proposing an integrative critical framework. She analyzes the connections between speciesism, heterosexism, and racism, arguing that inclusive environmental ethics must account for the diversity of species, gender, and sexuality. Gaard critiques the implicit heteronormative assumptions in mainstream ecofeminism, pointing out that sexual diversity in non-human animals - such as homosexual penguins and transgender fish - challenges the myth that equates 'nature' with 'heterosexual normativity.' By introducing queer theory's critical perspective into ecofeminism, Gaard provides new theoretical tools for understanding the interlocking nature of oppressive systems, emphasizing that any truly liberatory environmental ethics must simultaneously challenge anthropocentrism, heterosexism, and gender binarism.